Environment and Breast Cancer: Science Review

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Key References
Abbreviations
 

3,3'-dichlorobenzidine
CAS RN 91-94-1

Chemical Summary
Exposure and Risk Assessment
Cancer Studies
 


Cancer studies: Mammary gland tumors
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Originating list
The list(s) or database(s) in which the chemical was identified as showing an increase in mammary gland tumors. CPDB: Carcinogenic Potency Database, IARC: International Agency for Research on Chemicals Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man summaries, NTP TR: National Toxicology Program (NTP) Technical Reports, NTP 11ROC: NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens, CCRIS: Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information Service.
Carcinogenicity Potency Database, IARC Monographs, National Toxicology Program 11th Report on Carcinogens, Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System
Mammary gland tumor summary
A summary of findings related to mammary gland tumors, most often excerpted from IARC Monographs or the NTP 11th ROC, and, in some cases, supplemented by our evaluation of individual studies and reviews, is available for the priority chemicals and 67 others.
NTP 11th ROC: When administered in the diet, the compound increased the incidences of mammary adenocarcinomas in rats of both sexes.
Citations to review sources and individual studies reporting mammary gland tumors are listed below.
Citation
Source Type
Notes
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man.VOL.: Supplement 7 (1987) (p. 193) 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation.
Review
Following oral administration, produced mammary tumors in rats: IARC 1982.
http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/suppl7/suppl7.pd...
Carcinogenic Potency Database 2005. Gold LS ST, Manley NB, Garfinkel GB, Ames BN. Summary Table by Chemical of Carcinogenicity Results in CPDB on 1485 Chemicals. 2005
Review
One of two studies reports mammary tumors: Stula 1975. One study did not report mammary tumors: Stula 1978.
http://potency.berkeley.edu/pdfs/ChemicalTable.pdf
National Toxicology Program 11th Report on Carcinogens. 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride
Review
When administered in the diet, increased incidences of mammary adenocarcinomsa in rats of both sexes (IARC 1997, 1982, 1987).
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s063di...
Stula EF, Sherman H, Zapp JA, Jr., Clayton JW, Jr. Experimental neoplasia in rats from oral administration of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 4,4'-methylene-bis-bis(2-chloroaniline), and 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-methylaniline). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1975;31(1):159-76.
Primary Literature
Stula EF, Barnes JR, Sherman H, Reinhardt CF, Zapp JA, Jr. Liver and urinary bladder tumors in dogs from 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1978;1(4):475-90.
Primary Literature
A study listed by CPDB 2005 that did not report mammary tumors.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man.VOL.: 29 (1982) (p. 239) 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation.
Review
Administration by diet induced mammary tumors in rats (sex unspecified). [The Working Group noted the absence of adequate controls]: Pliss 1959. Administration by diet induced mammary tumors in male and female rats: Stula 1975. Subcutaneous injections induced mammary tumors in rats (sex unspecified). [The Working Group noted the absence of adequate controls]: Pliss 1959. Subcutaneous injections induced mammary tumors in rats (sex unspecified). [The Working Group noted the inadequate reporting of the experiment]: Pliss 1963.
http://www-cie.iarc.fr/htdocs/monographs/vol29/3,3'-dichl...
Pliss GB. On Some Regular Relationships between Carcinogenicity of Aminodiphenyl Derivatives and the Structure of Substance. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum. 1963;19:499-501.
Primary Literature
From IARC
Pliss GB. The blastomogenic action of dichlorobenzidine (Russian). Vopr Onkol. 1959;5:524-33.
Primary Literature
From IARC
National Toxicology Program 11th Report on Carcinogens, Table 1. Chemicals nominated to the National Toxicology Program for in-depth toxicological evaluation for carcinogenesis testing in fiscal years 1988-2003.
Review
Not nominated for NTP testing in 1998-2003.
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/tab1.pdf